![]() ![]() Main article: Ancient Egyptian literature Poetry, proverbs, folktales, love lyrics, and accounts of disputes were all incorporated into Akkadian literature. Some of these works served to celebrate the king or the divine, while others recorded information for religious practices or medicine. Many works of Akkadian literature were commissioned by kings that had scribes and scholars in their service. The Akkadian language was influenced by the Sumerian language, and many elements of Sumerian literature were adopted in Akkadian literature. During this time, it spread to other areas, including Egypt, Ugarit, and Hattusa. Īkkadian literature developed in subsequent Mesopotamian societies, such as Babylonia and Assyria, from the third to first millennia BC. Sumerian literature did not use titles, instead being referred to by the work's first line. Some works were associated with specific musical instruments or contexts and may have been performed in specific settings. These stories were primarily shared orally, though they were also recorded by scribes. Suspense and humor were both incorporated into Sumerian stories. Humans, gods, talking animals, and inanimate objects were all incorporated as characters. Sumerian poems demonstrate basic elements of poetry, including lines, imagery, and metaphor. Types of literature were not clearly defined, and all Sumerian literature incorporated poetic aspects. Sumerian literature is the oldest known literature, written in Sumer. Mesopotamia Ī stone tablet containing part of the Epic of Gilgamesh Some of the earliest surviving works of literature include The Maxims of Ptahhotep and the Story of Wenamun from Ancient Egypt, Instructions of Shuruppak and Poor Man of Nippur from Mesopotamia, and Classic of Poetry from Ancient China. Literature was not initially incorporated in writing, as it was primarily used for simpler purposes, such as accounting. The history of writing began independently in different parts of the world, including in Mesopotamia about 3200 BC, in Ancient China about 1250 BC, and in Mesoamerica about 650 BC. These works are long narrative poems that recount the feats of mythic heroes, often said to take place in the nation's early history. Epic poetry is recognized as the pinnacle of ancient literature. Myth can be expanded to include all use of patterns and stories to make sense of the world, and it may be psychologically intrinsic to humans. Early storytelling provided opportunity to learn about dangers and social norms while also entertaining listeners. Storytelling emerged as the human mind evolved to apply causal reasoning and structure events into a narrative and language allowed early humans to share information with one another. 5 Contemporary (20th century–21st century)Īncient (Bronze Age–5th century) Įarly literature is derived from stories told in hunter-gatherer bands through oral tradition, including myth and folklore.4.6.1 Qing dynasty and Republic of China.4 Late modern (18th century–20th century). ![]() 3 Early modern (15th century–18th century).2 Post-classical (5th century–15th century). ![]()
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